Aviation Jet Fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colourless to straw coloured in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A1, which are produced to a standardised international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.
Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound.
Aviation Jet Fuel is commonly referred to as JP54. However, this is the wrong terminology as there is no such grade of Jet Fuel. Jet A and Jet A1 are what refineries offer. Aviation Jet fuel Gas is what powers turbine aircraft engines. Worldwide, Jet Fuel is the most used low Sulphur content Kerosene. For instance, Colonial JP54 is similar to Jet A except the energy is 18.4 mj/Kg compared to the 42.8 MJ/kg of Jet A. Most importantly there is also a slight difference in additives.
Aviation Jet Fuel B is used for its extremely cold weather performance. However, aviation Jet fuel Bs lighter composition makes it more dangerous to handle. For this reason, it is rarely used except in very cold climates. A blend of approximately 30% Kerosene and 70% Gasoline. Because of its very low freezing point (60 C (76 F), it is known as a wide cut fuel and has a low flash point as well. Aviation Jet Fuel B is primarily used in some military aircraft. In Canada, it is also used because of its freezing point. Aviation Kerosene standards are published as GOST10227-86. The standard consists of different properties. It separates paraffin and gasoline in the refinery.
Military organisations around the world use a different classification system of JP (for Jet Propellant) numbers. Some are almost identical to their civilian counterparts and differ only by the amounts of a few additives. For instance, Jet A1 is similar to JP 8, Jet B is similar to JP 4. Military fuels are highly specialised products and are developed for very specific applications. Jet fuels are sometimes classified as kerosene or naphtha type. Kerosene type fuels include Jet A, Jet A1, JP 5 and JP 8. Naphthatype jet fuels, sometimes referred to as wide cut Jet Fuel, including Jet B and JP 4.
Automobile diesel fuel (EN 590) Grade E (winter), recommended for use at ambient temperatures up to minus 15 C (limiting filterability temperature).
Diesel fuel EN 590 (EN 590) Grade E is obtained from petroleum refined products and is intended for use as automotive fuel for diesel engines of cars and trucks. Diesel fuel meets the requirements of the international standard EN 590/2000 and is characterized by a low content of sulfur, aromatic hydrocarbons and a high cetane number, which leads to an overall reduction in sulfur oxide emissions, a decrease in the amount of particulate matter in exhaust gases and the formation of deposits in the fuel system of cars and heavy vehicles, reducing exhaust smoke and is the key to good starting properties of the fuel during cold start of the engine.
The oil refining industry produces diesel fuel in accordance with GOST 305-82 of three grades:
L - summer, used at ambient temperatures above 0 C;
3 - winter, used at temperatures up to -20 C (in this case, winter diesel fuel should have a stagnation <-35 C and n <-25 C), or winter, used at temperatures up to -30 C, then the fuel must have a stasis <-45 C and n <-35 C);
- Arctic diesel fuel, the temperature of which is up to -50 C. The sulfur content in diesel fuel of grades L and Z does not exceed 0.2% for type I fuel and 0.5 for type II fuel, and grade A 0.4%
REBCO (Russian Export Blend Crude Oil) is a sort of Russian Export Crude Oil with a mixture formed in the system of pipeline Transneft by mixing heavy sour crude Ural from the Volga region and low-sulfur oil in Western Siberia, the relevant characteristics to the brand Urals.
Urals brand oil is supplied through the Baku-Novorossiysk pipeline system and the Druzhba pipeline.
Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.
Petroleum includes not only crude oil, but all liquid, gaseous and solid hydrocarbons.
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Mazut-100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, for example GOST 10585-75/99.
GOST is the Russian system of standards. Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high. The most important consideration when grading this fuel is the sulfur content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock.
For shipment purposes, this product has a high viscosity which drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
- "Very Low Sulphur" is mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5%
- "Low Sulphur" is a mazut with a sulphur content of 0.5-1.0%
- "Normal Sulphur" is a mazut with a sulphur content of 1.0-2.0%
- "High Sulphur" is a mazut with a sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%
- Very Low Sulfur mazut is generally made from the lowest sulfur crude feedstocks.
Russian Mazut M100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, GOST 10585-75 (not active), GOST 10585-99 Oil fuel (GOST is the Russian system of standards, much like ASTM, for example). Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, This kind of oil is graded as the heavy furnace oil. The product is produced from the remains of raw oil processing. This kind of mazut is produced only from the low sulphur raw oil. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high. The most important consideration (not the only consideration) when grading this fuel is the sulfur content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a dirty oil product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
Very Low Sulphur is Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 0.5%
Low Sulphur is Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 0.5%
Normal Sulphur is a Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 1.0-2.0%
High Sulphur is a Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%
The amount of sulfur affects how clean the oil burns, and in turn the emissions it creates, as well as the amount of buildup that accumulates within the engines and furnaces that burns it. M100 prices are often determined by its point of origin and mode of production. Apart from shipping charges and regulations, product quality is considered to be more essential.
When petroleum is distilled, fuel oil is produced as a residue or distillate. Any fuel oil is a form of petroleum that is burned to produce energy or heat for running an engine. These are usually low-quality oils that are heated in a furnace or boiler and used in a number of industries. MAZUT is such fuel and is typically used in generating plants and factories. Of course, different plants have expected requirements and specifications of their fuel and this is why MAZUT M100/99 and GOST 10585-75 are produced according to industry ISO standards.
Russian Mazut M100 is a fuel oil that is manufactured to GOST specifications, GOST 10585-75 (not active), GOST 10585-99 Oil fuel (GOST is the Russian system of standards, much like ASTM, for example). Mazut is almost exclusively manufactured in the Russian Federation, This kind of oil is graded as the heavy furnace oil. The product is produced from the remains of raw oil processing. This kind of mazut is produced only from the low sulphur raw oil. This product is typically used for larger boilers in producing steam since the BTU content is high. The most important consideration (not the only consideration) when grading this fuel is the sulfur content, which can mostly be affected by the source feedstock. For shipment purposes, this product is considered a product, and because viscosity drastically affect whether it is able to be pumped, shipping has unique requirements. Mazut is much like Number 6 Oil, and is part of the products left over after gasoline and lighter components are evaporated from the crude oil.
The main difference between the different types of Mazut-100 is the content of sulphur. The grades are represented by these sulfuric levels:
Very Low Sulphur is Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 0.5%
Low Sulphur is Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 0.5%
Normal Sulphur is a Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 1.0-2.0%
High Sulphur is a Mazut M100 with a Sulphur content of 2.0-3.5%
The amount of sulfur affects how clean the oil burns, and in turn the emissions it creates, as well as the amount of buildup that accumulates within the engines and furnaces that burns it. M100 prices are often determined by its point of origin and mode of production. Apart from shipping charges and regulations, product quality is considered to be more essential.
When petroleum is distilled, fuel oil is produced as a residue or distillate. Any fuel oil is a form of petroleum that is burned to produce energy or heat for running an engine. These are usually low-quality oils that are heated in a furnace or boiler and used in a number of industries. MAZUT is such fuel and is typically used in generating plants and factories. Of course, different plants have expected requirements and specifications of their fuel and this is why MAZUT M100/99 and GOST 10585-75 are produced according to industry ISO standards.
Standart features:
Power 220/380v/50 hz/6000w
Enameled cook top,
Four electric cookplates,
Electric oven,
Built-in storage compartment, (draw type)
Oven capacity 54 l, double glass door
Oven light, 1 tray+1 grid
This single-axis modular knee joint with shin folding mechanism is designed to be used in various modular prostheses. Otp-3.01 is best for patients with middle and short stump lengths.
Loading limit - 100 kg.
