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Crude oil, often simply called "crude," is an unrefined petroleum product composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. It is a liquid found underground that can be refined to produce various fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel, as well as other products like plastics and chemicals.

Classification:
Based on its specific gravity (API gravity) and sulfur content, crude oil can be classified into:

Light or Heavy: Determined by its API gravity with light crude oil being less dense and, therefore, more valuable than heavy crude oil.

Sweet or Sour: Based on its sulfur content. Sweet crude has less than 0.5% sulfur, while sour crude has a higher sulfur content.
Physical Characteristics:

Color varies from yellow to black.
Viscosity can range from water-like to thick and tar-like.
Distinctive odor, often pungent.

Applications:

Fuel Production: Main source for gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and jet fuel after refining.
Petrochemicals: Base for manufacturing chemicals, plastics, synthetic materials, and more.
Lubricants: Processed to produce motor oil, grease, and other lubricating products.
Asphalt: Used in road construction.

Storage & Handling:
Crude oil is typically stored in large tanks or transported in pipelines, tankers, or rail cars. Proper care is needed during transportation to prevent spills and environmental contamination.

Note: Crude oil's quality and characteristics can vary widely based on its geographical origin and the conditions under which it was formed. Before refining or using, a detailed analysis is usually performed to understand its composition and how best to process or utilize it.

Gasoil, often referred to as diesel oil or simply diesel, is a middle distillate derived from the crude oil refining process. It possesses properties between those of lighter fuels like gasoline and heavier fuels like lubricating oil. Gasoil is used as both a fuel and a processing element in various industries.

Primary Characteristics:

Appearance: Clear to slightly hazy, ranging in color from light straw to amber.
Odor: Characteristic petroleum smell.
Density: Varies based on specific grade and blend but generally denser than gasoline.
Cetane Number: Indicator of the combustion speed of diesel fuel and compression needed for ignition.

Specifications:
Gasoilâ??s quality and classification often adhere to standards set by organizations such as ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) or equivalent regional standards. Variations include Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), Low Sulfur Diesel, and others.

Applications:

Automotive: Fuel for diesel-engine vehicles, such as trucks, buses, and cars.
Industrial: Used in various industrial machines and engines, including generators.
Marine: Fuel for certain types of marine vessels.
Heating: Used in some regions as heating oil for homes and businesses.
Power Generation: Fuel for diesel-powered electricity generators.

Advantages:

Energy Dense: Provides more energy per gallon compared to gasoline, leading to longer fuel economy in diesel engines.
Efficient: Diesel engines often convert fuel to energy more efficiently than their gasoline counterparts.
Reliable: Known for its durability and reliability in heavy-duty applications.