We are all familiar with bitumen and have used it in our daily lives. Bitumen is mainly used as an adhesive in asphalt, which plays a very important role in road construction and sealing at landfills and hydraulic engineering. This important material has many roles in the world, for example, its other application is the production of roofing membranes and waterproofing for flat roofs and waterproofing of buildings. Bitumen is also used in many areas outside the construction industry because it has the effect of thermal insulation and sound absorption, which reduces foot noise. Bitumen is mostly used in insulation of roofs and roofs, which can prevent moisture and water penetration. Also, bitumen insulation is one of the most common waterproofing techniques in buildings due to its chemical and physical properties and preventing water penetration. Components are used in contact with the floor, floorboards and walls as a horizontal and vertical waterproofing
In general, bitumen is used in construction in all parts of the world as the main sealing material for service bitumen, garden bitumen, balcony sealing, and pre-roofing bitumen substructure. Tile bedding such as bathrooms and toilets that are constantly exposed to moisture must be sealed with water to prevent water from penetrating them. There are also different types of bitumen in construction, such as mixed bitumen, emulsion bitumen, Trinidad bitumen, modified bitumen, tar bitumen, loose and mixed construction bitumen, hard construction bitumen, each of which has its own application
It is good to know that kaolin is a white rock mineral from the group of clay minerals and is composed of two quadrilateral layers of silica and the other octahedral layer of hyalomintonium. Kaolin may not be of much value compared to other rocks, but due to the above properties Its extravagance, its abundant use, and its white color are often referred to as white gold.
Some of its applications require particles, dyes, and transparency, but in some cases this is not the case. It is similar. But most of the use and application of kaolin is in fillers and spreaders or special polishes and bleaches or even to create resistance to abrasion and hardening. It is also due to its many properties and capabilities in other fields such as paper making, ceramics, oil, inks, paints, refractories, rubber, pharmaceuticals, fiberglass, refractory industries, construction materials and plaster, insecticides, food and so on.It is used in agricultural industries.In Iran, this mineral material is used in chamotte bricks and internal covering of furnaces, heating boilers and tiles.It is interesting to know that about 50% of kaolin is used in paper making and as a coating or 30% in the ceramic industry. Also 20% is used in rubber and paint. The absorbency of the compound as well as its good coverage and transparency in the paper are some of the advantages of using kaolin in this industry.
Kaolin is formed when anhydrous aluminum silicate in feldspar rocks such as granite changes due to weathering or hydrothermal process. Quartz and mica remain relatively unchanged while feldspar becomes kaolin. Floating airflow clay is a dry hydrated kaolin isolated to reduce impurities and control particle size distribution.
The coating industry uses only a small amount of floating clay due to its weaker color and more wear due to mineral impurities compared to water-washed grades.
Calibrated clay is made of washed and bleached kaolin during a heat treatment. Fully calcined clays are produced with maximum brightness and turbidity in the range of 1150-1000 �° C.
Due to the importance of the effect of kaolin on coatings, these clay models are offered in more types than other applied silicate fillers. Also, these clays are produced through chemical modification.
Kaolin is used in various industries due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Shape, size, particles, color, softness and non-abrasiveness are physical properties that a
Some applications require particles, color, and clarity, but in some cases this is not the case. Similar.
Gypsum lump is an inorganic mineral known as CaCO2 and CoSo4.2H2o. This is the fifth non-metallic element in the earth s crust. It is found in many items we use every day, like toothpaste and shampoo. It is also used to make drywall, create molds for dinnerware and dental impressions, and to build roads and highway. The usage of raw gypsum lump is for increasing setting time in producing cement and to reduce the salinity of the soil in agricultural lands. The properties of this product are so well known that by improving the soil, it can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of agricultural products. In addition to building materials and cement raw materials, gypsum can also be used to many other fields such as making sulfuric acid, rubber, plastics industry, fertilizer, pesticide, paint, textile industry, foodstuff, medicine, daily chemical products, arts and crafts and culture and education. Gypsum can be also be used as a food additive to enhance the texture of ingredients in processed foods. Gypsum is the common name for the mineral calcium sulfate. Gypsum bonds easily with water and is usually found in its natural state as hydrated calcium sulfate. Gypsum is an ore that found in layers of limestone. Pure white rock gypsum is also known as alabaster and has been used to make carved statues and sculptures. Nearly all modern homes and buildings use gypsum in the form of wall board, also known as gypsum board, drywall or sheet rock. In the food industry, gypsum may be used as drying agent, color enhancer, stabilizer and thickener. Pure crystalline gypsum that used in food industries pharmacy and agriculture.This type of gypsum is layered, which is obtained by the adhesion of thin sheets of calcium hydrosulfate, or in the form of silk, which is the product of the adhesion of crystalline fibers of calcium hydrosulfate.
