Introduction
Nickel is a silver-white metal, in the air is easy to be oxidized by the air, the surface of the formation of some hair of the oxide film, so people often see the color of nickel hair.Nickel is hard, ductile, magnetic and corrosion resistant, and highly polished.Nickel is also abundant in the earth's crust.Nickel silicate ore or sulfur, arsenic, nickel compounds exist in nature.
The development of nickel
In recent years, the production and consumption of nickel in the world is relatively stable, the supply and demand of nickel in the world market mainly changes with the development of the stainless steel industry. With the increase of the application of nickel in the consumption of stainless steel industry, the smelting technology of ferronickel has made great progress, and the output of high-grade ferronickel has been greatly improved.Russia, Canada, new caledonia, Indonesia, Australia and Cuba account for about 80% of the world's nickel production and exports.
COBALT METAL PIECE
The development of cobalt
In the case of cobalt, the ancient greeks and Romans used its compound to make colored glass to produce a beautiful dark blue.By the 20th century, cobalt and its alloys had been widely used in the electrical, mechanical, chemical, aerospace and other industrial sectors and had become an important strategic metal.China began to extract cobalt from cobalt ore, nickel ore and cobalt-bearing pyrite in the 1950s.The use of cobalt minerals has a long history. The egyptians used cobalt blue as a coloring agent for ceramic products in the BC period, and cobalt compounds have been widely used in ceramic production since the tang dynasty.Cobalt was first isolated by the Swedish chemist Brandt in 1735 and identified as an element by Bergman in 1780.
The use of the cobalt
At present, the consumption and application of cobalt in the traditional fields are mainly battery Cobalt materials, super heat resistant alloy, tool steel, carbide, magnetic materials;Cobalt, which is consumed as a compound, is mainly used as a catalyst, desiccant, reagent, pigment and dye.Cobalt-60 is a widely used radioactive material widely used in biochemistry for activation analysis.For tracer studies in electroplating, corrosion and catalysis;It is used in medicine for radiological examination and treatment.
Cadmium Ingot
Introduction
Cadmium and zinc are found in nature together.It is a good neutron-absorbing metal, made into rods that slow the rate of chain fission reactions in nuclear reactors, and Cadmium compounds useful in zn-cadmium batteries.Rare elements, symbol Cd.It's silver white.Melting point is 321 â??.The ratio of material to cadmium in the crust is 1000000:0.1 ~ 1000000:0.5.Cadmium Ingot is extracted from zinc ore or sulphur-cadmium ore as a by-product and is mostly used to protect other metals from corrosion and rust,� such as electroplated steel, iron products, copper, brass and other alloys.Another use is to make a bright yellow pigment called cadmium-yellow, which can be used in advanced paints and paints.
use
Used in the manufacture of alloys: as an alloy group, cadmium can be mixed into many alloys, such as hard copper alloys containing 0.5% ~ 1.0% cadmium, which have high tensile strength and wear resistance.Cadmium (98.65%) nickel (1.35%) alloys are used as bearing materials for aircraft engines.Cadmium is found in many low melting point alloys, with the famous wood fusible alloy containing 12.5% cadmium.
Cadmium rods has a large thermal neutron capture cross section so alloys containing silver (80%) indium (15%) cadmium (5%)Â can be used as control rods for atomic reactors.
Cadmium compounds have been� widely used in the manufacture of (yellow)� pigments, plastic stabilizers, phosphors, insecticides, fungicides, and paints.
Weathering steel is a series of low alloy steels between normal steel and stainless steel, carbon steel adds a small amount of copper, nickel and other corrosion-resistant elements, and tough, plastic with stainless steel rolling, forming, welding and cutting, abrasion, high temperature, fatigue resistance properties; weather resistance for carbon steel 2~8 double coating for carbon steel 1.5~10 times. Mainly used in railway cars, bridges, towers and other long-term use of steel exposed to the atmosphere.
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;A588 Grade A Weather Resistant Steel Description
A588Gr. A is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. A588Gr. A also is a high strength low alloy steel, so it is suitable for a lot of applications exposed the weather condition.
;A588 Grade A Weather Resistant Steel will be a trend
A588Gr. A steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. A588Gr. A has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. A588Gr. A resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
;Theory of A588 Grade A Weather Resistant Steel Stop rusting
A588Gr. A Steelnever completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out;It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating for the base metal.;
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. ;Laboratory analysis of the rust have shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, thereby ending the regeneration
Application of A588 Grade A
ASTM A588Gr. A is mainly used for constructions such as steel structures, bridges, tanks and containers, exhaust systems, vehicles and equipment constructions.
;A588 Grade A Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of A588 Grade A
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% V% Cr% Ni%
A588Gr.A 0.19 0.30-0.65 0.8-1.25 0.050 0.040 0.25-0.40 0.02-0.10 0.4-0.65 0.40
What is COR-TEN A Steel?
COR-TEN A is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. Exposing the weather condition, the surface of COR-TEN A can develops a layer patina, which can protects the steel from deeper corrosion. COR-TEN A also is a high strength low alloy steel, so it can used in higher strength and longer period cycle material conditions.
Why COR-TEN A Steel Became So Popular?
COR-TEN A steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. COR-TEN A has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. COR-TEN A resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
How COR-TEN A Stop Continue Rusting
COR-TEN A Steel never completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out. It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating for the base metal.
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. Laboratory analysis of the rust shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, ending the regeneration.
Application of COR-TEN A
ASTM COR-TEN A is mainly used for the manufacture of container, rolling stock, oil rigs, harbor construction, oil platforms and other structural parts containing hydrogen sulfide corrosive media in petrochemical equipment.
COR-TEN A Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of COR-TEN A
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% Al% Cr% Ni%
COR-TEN A 0.12 0.25-0.75 0.2-0.5 0.07-0.15 0.030 0.25-0.55 0.015-0.06 0.5-1.25 0.65
What is COR-TEN B Steel?
COR-TEN B is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. Exposing the weather condition, the surface of COR-TEN B can develops a layer patina, which can protects the steel from deeper corrosion. COR-TEN B also is a high strength low alloy steel, so it can used in higher strength and longer period cycle material conditions.
Why COR-TEN B Steel Became So Popular?
COR-TEN B steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. COR-TEN B has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. COR-TEN B resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
How COR-TEN B Stop Continue Rusting
COR-TEN B Steel never completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out. It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating on the base metal.
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. Laboratory analysis of the rust shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, ending the regeneration.
Application of COR-TEN B
ASTM COR-TEN B is better suited for heavy and load bearing structures.
COR-TEN B Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of COR-TEN B
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% Al% Cr% N% V%
COR-TEN B 0.19 0.30-0.65 0.80-1.25 0.035 0.030 0.25-0.40 0.02-0.06 0.40-0.65 0.40 0.02-0.1
A588 Grade B Weather Resistant Steel Description
A588Gr. B is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. A588Gr. B also is a high strength low alloy steel, so it is suitable for a lot of applications exposed the weather condition.
Popular trending of using A588 Grade B Weather Resistant Steel
A588Gr. B steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. A588Gr. B has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. A588Gr. B resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
Theory of A588 Grade B Weather Resistant Steel Stop rusting
A588Gr. B Steel never completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out. It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating for the base metal
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. Laboratory analysis of the rust have shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, thereby ending the regeneration.
Application of A588 Grade B
ASTM A588Gr. B is mainly used for constructions such as steel structures, bridges, tanks and containers, exhaust systems, vehicles and equipment constructions.
A588 Grade B Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of A588 Grade B
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% V% Cr% Ni%
A588Gr.B 0.20 0.15-0.50 0.75-1.35 0.040 0.050 0.20-0.40 0.01-0.10 0.4-0.70 0.50
A588 Grade C Weather Resistant Steel Description
A588Gr. C is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. A588Gr. C also is a high strength low alloy steel, so it is suitable for a lot of applications exposed the weather condition. With its good property ,A588Gr.C is suitable for welded bridges and other structures with the longer life cycle due to its corrosion resistant properties.
Why Choosing A588 Grade C Weather Resistant Steel
A588Gr. C steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. A588Gr. C has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. A588Gr. C resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
Theory of A588 Grade C Weather Resistant Steel Stop rusting
A588Gr. C Steel never completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out. It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating for the base metal.
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. Laboratory analysis of the rust have shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, thereby ending the regeneration.
Application of A588 Grade C
ASTM A588Gr. C is mainly used for welded, bolted and riveted constructions e.g. steel frame structures, bridges, tanks and containers, exhaust systems, vehicles and equipment constructions.
A588 Grade C Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of A588 Grade B
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% V% Cr% Ni%
A588Gr.C 0.15 0.15-0.40 0.80-1.35 0.040 0.050 0.20-0.50 0.01-0.10 0.3-0.50 0.25-0.50
A588 Grade K Weather Resistant Steel Description
A588Gr. K is a corrosion resistant steel, also can be called weathering resistant steel or atmosphere corrosion resistant steel. A588Gr. K also is a high strength low alloy steel. With its good property ,A588Gr.K is suitable for welded bridges and other structures with the longer life cycle due to its corrosion resistant properties.
Why Choosing A588 Grade K Weather Resistant Steel
A588Gr. K steel is becoming more popular by roll formed product end-users. Its unique look and naturally oxidizing finish make it especially desirable for many architectural projects. A588Gr. K has increased resistance to atmospheric corrosion when compared to other steels. A588Gr. K resists the corrosive effects of rain, snow, ice, fog, and other meteorological conditions by forming a coating of dark brown oxidation over the metal, which inhibits deeper penetration and save the cost for painting or rust-prevention maintenance.
Theory of A588 Grade C Weather Resistant Steel Stop rusting
A588Gr.K Steel never completely stops rusting. The weathering process occurs after the panel come out. It eventually decreases and from that point on the finish acts as a protective coating for the base metal.
This protective coating essentially stops the corrosion. Laboratory analysis of the rust have shown that the alloying elements in the steel, such as copper, chromium, and nickel produced insoluble compounds that clogged the pores at the rust and steel interface, thereby ending the regeneration.
Application of A588 Grade K
ASTM A588Gr. K is mainly used for welded, bolted and riveted constructions e.g. steel frame structures, bridges, tanks and containers, exhaust systems, vehicles and equipment constructions.
A588 Grade K Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of A588 Grade K
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Cu% V% Cr% Ni%
A588Gr.K 0.17 0.25-0.50 0.50-1.2 0.040 0.050 0.30-0.50 - 0.4-0.70 0.40
A387 Gr. 22 Steel Description
A387 Grade 22 is a grade of chromium-molybdenum alloy intended primarily for use fabricators in welded boilers and pressure vessels which are designed for use in raised temperature service.
A387 Grade 22, With excellent heat resistance and anti corrosive/oxidation qualities, this steel grade is ideal for use in the chemical, oil and gas industry.
Popular trending of A387 Gr. 22 Steel
The chromium and the molybdenum are the key alloying elements. They provide many of the properties of stainless steel at a reduced costs. (typically A387 alloy steel has 0.5% to 5% Chromium content as opposed to 16% in stainless steel)
A387 Gr. 22 is very popular used by power plant and oil and gas industries in the production facilities because of the alloy¡¡¥s key properties.
10 Grades of SA387; A387 Chromium Molybdenum Steel Plate
A387 series boiler steel plate
There are 10(ten) grades of Chromium Molybdenum steel plate (A387) 2,12, 11, 22, 22L, 21, 21L, 9 and 91 specified by ASTM/ASME, all Chrome Moly plates are killed and thermally treated as required by ASTM A387 which also specifies minimum and maximum quantities of the following elements in the steel: chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, columbium, boron, nitrogen, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium.
A387 plate has to undergo product, chemical and tensile testing (which is documented in the MTC or material test certificate) ¡§C with specific requirements that have to be met for tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
Application of A387 Gr. 22
A387 Gr. 22 is used In petroleum, chemical industry, power plants, boilers and other fields,such as to produce reactors, heat exchangers, separators, spherical tank, oil tank, LPG tanks, nuclear reactor pressure shell,boiler drum, liquefied petroleum gas cylinders, hydropower high-pressure pipes, Turbine vortex shells and other equipment and components, etc.
A387 Gr. 22 Delivery Condition:
Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, Normalized, Quenched, Tempering, Thermal Mechanical Control Process (TMCP)
Chemical composition and Mechanical property of A387 Gr. 22
Grade C% Si% Mn% P% S% Mo% V% Cr% Ni%
A387Gr. 22 0.04-0.15 ¡¨¹0.50 0.30-0.60 ¡¨¹0.035 0.035 0.85-0.1.15 0.01-0.10 1.88-2.62 0.50
