LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) specifications refer to the required characteristics of the fuel to ensure it can be safely and efficiently transported, stored, and used. These specifications cover its physical and chemical properties, including composition, heating value, density, and purity. They also address the presence of impurities and contaminants that could negatively impact equipment or processes.
more detailed breakdown:
1. Chemical Composition:
Primary Component:
LNG is primarily composed of methane (typically 85-97% by volume).
Other Hydrocarbons:
It also contains varying amounts of ethane, propane, butane, and heavier hydrocarbons.
Impurities:
Specifications limit the presence of impurities like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur compounds, and water.
Specific Limits:
Detailed limits are often set for individual components, such as maximums for ethane, propane, and butanes.
2. Physical Properties:
Heating Value:
LNG has a high heating value (typically around 50 MJ/kg or 21,500 BTU/lb), which is a measure of the energy content.
Density:
The density of LNG is roughly 0.41 to 0.5 kg/litre, significantly less than water.
Temperature:
LNG is maintained at a very low temperature (-162 C or -260 F) to keep it in its liquid state.
Pressure:
LNG is stored and transported under low pressure, but some pressure specifications may apply.
